柱塞泵的结构及工作原理

Structure and working principle of plunger pump

柱塞泵的结构组成

Structure of plunger pump

柱塞泵主要由动力端和液力端两大部分组成，并附有皮带轮、止回阀、安全阀、稳压器、润滑 系统等组成。

The piston pump is mainly composed of power end and hydraulic end, with pulley, check valve, safety valve, pressurizer and lubrication system.

01

01

动力端

Power end

(1)曲轴

(1) Crankshaft

曲轴为此泵中关键部件之一。采用曲拐轴整体型式，它将完成由旋转运动变为往复直线运动的关键一步，为了使其平衡，各曲轴柄销与中心成120°。

The crankshaft is one of the key parts of the pump. The crank shaft integral type is adopted, which will complete the key step of turning the rotary motion into reciprocating linear motion. In order to balance the crank shaft, each crank pin is 120 ° to the center.

(2)连杆

(2) Connecting rod

连杆将柱塞上的推力传递给曲轴，又将曲轴的旋转运动转换为柱塞的往复运动，其杆截面采取工字形，大头为剖分式，轴瓦采用对分薄壁瓦形式，小头瓦采用轴套式，并以其定位。

The connecting rod transfers the thrust on the plunger to the crankshaft, and converts the rotary motion of the crankshaft to the reciprocating motion of the plunger. The cross section of the rod is I-shaped, the big end is split type, the bearing bush is in the form of split thin-walled bush, and the small end bush is of sleeve type, and is positioned by it.

(3)十字头

(3) Crosshead

十字头连接摇摆运动的连杆和往复运动的柱塞，它具有导向作用，它与连杆为闭式连接，与柱塞卡箍相连。

The crosshead is connected with a swinging connecting rod and a reciprocating plunger. It has a guiding function. It is closed connected with the connecting rod and connected with the plunger clamp.

(4)浮动套

(4) Floating sleeve

浮动套固定在机座上，它一方面起隔绝油箱与污油池的作用，另一方面对十字头导杆起一个浮动支承点的作用，能提高运动密封部件的使用寿命。

The floating sleeve is fixed on the engine base. On the one hand, it can isolate the oil tank from the dirty oil pool, on the other hand, it acts as a floating support point for the crosshead guide rod, which can improve the service life of the moving sealing parts.

(5)机座

(5) Frame

机座是安装动力端和连接液力端部分的受力构件，机座后部两侧有轴承孔，前部设有与液力端连接的定位销孔保证滑道中心与泵头中心的对中性，在机座的前部一侧设有放液孔，用来排放渗漏 的液体。

The engine base is a force-bearing component for installing the power end and connecting the hydraulic end. There are bearing holes on both sides of the rear of the engine base, and a positioning pin hole connected with the hydraulic end is set at the front of the engine base to ensure the centripetal of the slide way center and the pump head center. A drain hole is set at the front side of the base to discharge the leakage liquid.

2

Two

液力端

Hydraulic end

(1)泵头

(1) Pump head

泵头为不锈钢整体锻造而成，吸、排液阀垂直布置，吸液孔在泵头底面，排液孔在泵头的侧面，同阀腔相通，简化了排出管路系统。

The pump head is made of stainless steel. The suction and discharge valves are arranged vertically. The suction hole is on the bottom surface of the pump head, and the discharge hole is on the side of the pump head. It is connected with the valve chamber, which simplifies the discharge pipeline system.

(2)密封函

(2) Sealed letter

密封函与泵头以法兰连接，柱塞的密封形式为碳素纤维纺织的矩形软填料，具有良好的高压密封性能。

The sealing box and pump head are connected by flange. The sealing form of plunger is rectangular soft packing made of carbon fiber textile, which has good high pressure sealing performance.

(3)柱塞

(3) Plunger

(4)进液阀和排液阀

(4) Inlet and discharge valves

进、排液阀及阀座，适合输送黏度较大的液体的低阻尼、锥形阀结构，具有降低黏度的特点。接触面有较高的硬度和密封性能，以保证进、排液阀具有足够的使用寿命。

The inlet and outlet valves and valve seats are suitable for conveying liquid with high viscosity, with low damping and conical valve structure, and have the characteristics of reducing viscosity. The contact surface has high hardness and sealing performance to ensure that the inlet and outlet valves have sufficient service life.

3

Three

附属配套部分

Auxiliary parts

主要有止回阀、稳压器、润滑系统、安全阀、压力表等。

Mainly check valve, pressurizer, lubrication system, safety valve, pressure gauge, etc.

(1)止回阀

(1) Check valve

泵头排出的液体，通过低阻尼止回阀流人高压管道，液体反向流动时，止回阀关闭，阻尼高压液体流回泵体。

The liquid discharged from the pump head flows into the high-pressure pipeline through the low damping check valve. When the liquid flows in the reverse direction, the check valve is closed and the damping high-pressure liquid flows back to the pump body.

(2)稳压器

(2) Voltage regulator

泵头排出的高压脉动液体，经过稳压器后，变为较平稳的高压液体流动。

The high-pressure pulsating liquid discharged from the pump head becomes a stable high-pressure liquid flow after passing through the pressurizer.

(3)润滑系统

(3) Lubrication system

主要是由齿轮油泵从油箱中抽油，给曲轴、十字头等转动部位润滑。

It is mainly pumped from oil tank by gear oil pump to lubricate crankshaft, crosshead and other rotating parts.

(4)压力表

(4) Pressure gauge

压力表有普通压力表和电接点压力表两种。电接点压力表属仪表系统，它能够达到自动控制的目的。

There are two kinds of pressure gauges: ordinary pressure gauge and electric contact pressure gauge. The electric contact pressure gauge belongs to the instrument system, which can achieve the purpose of automatic control.

(5)安全阀

(5) Safety valve

在排出管路上安装有弹簧微启式安全阀，文章由上海泽德水泵整理它能保证泵在额定工作压力时的密封，超压时自行开启，起泄压保护作用。

A spring micro open safety valve is installed on the discharge pipeline. The article is sorted out by Shanghai Zede water pump. It can ensure the sealing of the pump at rated working pressure, and open automatically when overpressure occurs, which plays a role of pressure relief protection.